Category Archives: F#

Some time ago, I wrote about calling C# byref methods from F#. This time, I wanted to do things in reverse – the motivation being to provide a neat way of working with F# discriminated unions from C#.

Now, some support comes for free when you define a discriminated union in F#. For example, given this union type:

type Vehicle
| Car of int // number of doors
| Lorry of double // weight in tonnes

then from C#, you could query the union case in turn like this:

if (vehicle.IsCar)
{
    var doors = ((Vehicle.Car)vehicle).Item;
    driveCar( doors );
}
else if (vehicle.IsLorry)
{
    var weight = ((Vehicle.Lorry)vehicle).Item;
    driveLorry( weight );
}

However, although the provided “Is” methods are neat, the cast and the requirement to call “.Item” are rather ugly. What you really want is the ability to get the value of the union case without casting. That’s achievable if you add these methods to the original union definition by hand:

using System.Runtime.InteropServices // for [<Out>]
type Vehicle
| Car of int // number of doors
| Lorry of double // weight in tonnes
with
    member this.TryGetCar( [<Out>] result : int byref ) =
        match this with
        | Car doors ->
            result <- doors
            true
        | _ -> false
    member this.TryGetLorry( [<Out>] result : double byref ) =
        match this with
        | Lorry weight ->
            result <- weight
            true
        | _ -> false

Now the experience is much better from C#:

int doors;
double weight;
if ( vehicle.TryGetCar( out doors ) )
{
    driveCar( doors );
}
else if ( vehicle.TryGetLorry( out weight ) )
{
    driveLorry( weight );
}

and the new methods are usable from F# as well, although you’d probably prefer to use match:

// Use TryGet approach - returns bool, int
let isCar, doors = vehicle.TryGetCar()

// Use match approach - more natural for F#
match vehicle with
| Car doors -> driveCar(doors)
| Lorry weight -> driveLorry(weight)

I recently needed to supply two variations of an algorithm in an F# source file – one for .NET 3.5 consumers and another for .NET 4.0 consumers (the later framework version allows parallel execution using the FSharp.Collections.ParallelSeq). One way is to tell msbuild to reference the library, conditional on the version of the .NET framework – and also, define a constant which can be used within the source code to choose the algorithm.

In msbuild, define a constant according to the framework

<PropertyGroup Condition=" '$Framework' == 'NET35' ">
  <DefineConstants>NET35</DefineConstants>
</PropertyGroup>
<PropertyGroup Condition=" '$Framework' == 'NET40' ">
  <DefineConstants>NET40</DefineConstants>
</PropertyGroup>

In msbuild, reference library if .NET 4.0

<ItemGroup Condition=" '$Framework' == 'NET40' ">
  <Reference Include="FSharp.Collections.ParallelSeq"/>
</ItemGroup>

Specify conditional compilation directives in the source code

let doMapping = ... // some transformation
#if NET35
    items |> Seq.map doMapping
#else
    items |> FSharp.Collections.ParallelSeq.PSeq.map doMapping